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Learn C array declaration, initilization, accessing array elements, using array examples, 2-dimensional arrays, passing arrays to function.
An array is a collection of variables of the same type. So instead of declaring individual variables one by one all can be declared once by using an array of same data type. For example instead of declaring 5 integers separately all can be declared as an integer array and can be accessed using an index.
An integer array contains couple of integers, a character array holds few characters and so on. Each array member is declared within single quote.
Following are the array declaration examples.
An integer array contains couple of integers, a character array holds few characters and so on. Each array member is declared within single quote. Also note in char carr[] = {'A','B','C','D','E'}; declaration we didn't give the number of elements the array can store. Compiler automatically computes this and allocates memory accordingly.
()
int Arr1[5] = {1,2,3,4,5}; /* int array holding 5 integers */
float Arr2[3] = {0.2,3.5,4.0}; /* float array holding 3 float elements */
char carr[] = {'A','B','C','D','E'}; /* float array holding 5 char elements */
To demonstrate the above features, let's write a small program as shown below
#include "stdio.h"
void main()
{
printf("=====Integer Array====\n");
int iarr[5] = {0,1,2,3,4};
int i;
printf("Address of first element:%x,%x\n",iarr,&iarr[0]);
for(i = 0;i < 5;i++)
{
printf("array %x and %x\n",&iarr[i],iarr + i);
printf("array element:%d, %d\n",i,iarr[i]);
}
printf("=====Character Array====\n");
char carr[5] = {'A','B','C','D','E'};
for(i = 0;i < 5;i++)
{
printf("carr %x and %x\n",&carr[i],carr + i);
printf("carr element:%d and %c\n",carr[i],carr[i]);
}
}
$ gcc prog.c $ ./a.out =====Integer Array==== Address of first element:7eaef200,7eaef200 iarr 7eaef200 and 7eaef200 iarr element:0, 0 iarr 7eaef204 and 7eaef204 iarr element:1, 1 iarr 7eaef208 and 7eaef208 iarr element:2, 2 iarr 7eaef20c and 7eaef20c iarr element:3, 3 iarr 7eaef210 and 7eaef210 iarr element:4, 4 =====Character Array==== carr 7eaef1f8 and 7eaef1f8 carr element:65 and A carr 7eaef1f9 and 7eaef1f9 carr element:66 and B carr 7eaef1fa and 7eaef1fa carr element:67 and C carr 7eaef1fb and 7eaef1fb carr element:68 and D carr 7eaef1fc and 7eaef1fc carr element:69 and E $
In above program we have tried to access elements from int array[5]. Notice the addresses of array[0] is 7eac8200 which is same as name of array iarr. Also notice that the address of each successive element increases by 4 which means that integer takes 4bytes.
We can pass an array to a function. Also if we update any array element inside the function it will be reflected in the calling function as address of the array is passed to the function. This is demonstrated in the following example program.
#include "stdio.h"
#define SIZE 5
int sumArr(int iarr[], int res[]);
void main()
{
int iarr[SIZE] = {0,1,2,3,4};
int sum[2] = {0,0};
sum[0] = sumArr(iarr,sum);
printf("Sum is:%d,%d\n", sum[0],sum[1]);
}
int sumArr(int iarr[],int res[])
{
int i, s = 0;
for(i = 0;i < SIZE;i++)
{
s += iarr[i];
res[1] += iarr[i];
}
return s;
}
$ gcc prog.c $ ./a.out Sum is:10,10 $
In the above program we calculated the sum of all numbers in iarr in two ways. One way by returning the sum from function sumArr and another way by updating the 2nd element of sum array. Notice from the program output that both outputs are same.
Let's write a program to calculate the sum of all elements of a 2-dimensional array as shown below
#include "stdio.h"
int Sum2Arr(int a[2][3]);
int main()
{
int res;
int ar[2][3] =
{
{1,2,3},
{4,5,6}
};
res = Sum2Arr(ar);
printf("The sum of 2d array integers:%d\n", res);
return 0;
}
int Sum2Arr(int a[2][3])
{
int i,j,sum = 0;
for(i = 0;i < 2;i++)
{
for(j = 0;j < 3;j++)
{
sum += a[i][j];
}
}
return sum;
}
$ gcc prog.c $ ./a.out The sum of 2d array integers:21 $
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